"EL ATAQUE TERRORISTA DE MOSCU ES LA BALA EN LA RECAMARA DEL IMPERIALISMO (...) A MEDIDA QUE UCRANIA SE HUNDE, TRATAN DE ABRIR UN SEGUNDO FRENTE EN EL INTERIOR DE LA PROPIA RUSIA, UN PAIS AL QUE NO VAN A DEJAR NI UN MINUTO DE RESUELLO" (mpr21) Pinchar en la Imagen y SCROLL DOWN

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ATILIO BORÓN ANALIZA LAS ELECCIONES EN RUSIA SACANDONOS DEL BURDO ENGAÑO


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BOMBAS Y PAQUETES DE COMIDA SOBRE GAZA

BOMBAS Y PAQUETES DE COMIDA SOBRE GAZA
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SI OMITIERAMOS ESTOS HORROROSOS CRIMENES, PARTICIPARIAMOS EN ELLOS, "PARTICEPS CRIMIS"

"NOT FOUND"... ¡MENTIRA!...ES QUE NO QUEREIS QUE VEAMOS EL INFINITO DOLOR QUE ESTAIS CAUSANDO! ARRIBA, PINCHAR EN ESTO: pic.twitter.com/XGlL5BYLTt Y DESPUES: View

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GAZA: ARCOIRIS APAGADO: LA LUZ HAN ASESINADO

¿Quedará todo Impune y nunca más podrán los pájaros volar? "Facit indignation versum"

FREE WORLD TOUR AND COLLAGE

FREE WORLD TOUR AND COLLAGE
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EL GRAN INFANTICIDIO

EL GRAN INFANTICIDIO
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AL GRANO: THE "AMERICAN LEADERSHIP" TIENE QUE SER PARADO O "LOS DAÑOS COLATERALES" SERAN EL COLAPSO

AL GRANO: THE "AMERICAN LEADERSHIP" TIENE QUE SER PARADO O "LOS DAÑOS COLATERALES" SERAN EL COLAPSO
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LOS DAÑOS COLATERALES DE UNA GUERRA NUCLEAR SON LA HUMANIDAD


Fidel leyéndoselo a Michel Chossudovsky cuándo se entrevistaron en La Habana en el 2010

...¿SOMOS AUN CURABLES? NO, POR ESTO:

...¿SOMOS AUN CURABLES? NO, POR ESTO:
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¿DONDE EMPIEZA AUSCHWITZ? RESPUESTA: EN GAZA

¿DONDE EMPIEZA AUSCHWITZ? RESPUESTA: EN GAZA
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POR QUÉ ASESINÓ EL FRANQUISMO A LORCA

POR QUÉ ASESINÓ EL FRANQUISMO A LORCA
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"La situación del capitalismo hoy en día no es solamente una cuestión de crisis económica y política, sino UNA CATASTROFE DE LA ESENCIA HUMANA que condena, meramente, cada reforma económica y política a la futilidad e incondicionalmente DEMANDA UNA TOTAL REVOLUCION" Herbert Marcuse, 1932 (Acotado de: "Marx, Freud, and the Critique of Everyday Life", Bruce Brown; p. 14.) ¿Qué hubiese dicho hoy, 89 años después?

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¿HACIA LA IZQUIERDA O HACIA EL "SPREADING FREEDOM AROUND THE WORLD" DE LA DERECHA?




"UN SISTEMA ECONÓMICO CRUEL


AL QUE PRONTO HABRÁ

QUE CORTARLE EL CUELLO"

Federico García Lorca ('Poeta en Nueva York')

¡ QUÉ GRAN VERDAD !
PORQUE FUÉ ESE MISMO
SISTEMA ECONÓMICO CRUEL,
PRECISAMENTE,
¡ EL QUE LE CORTÓ EL CUELLO A ÉL !


Wednesday, October 21, 2009

LA "RAZA", CONCEPTO DESARROLLADO PARA JUSTIFICAR LA ESCLAVITUD Y LA EXPLOTACION



                                                Franz Mehring 



Franz Mehring
On Race as a Social Construct



Race is not a scientifically valid concept; it developed as a justification for exploitation and slavery.
As early as 1893, the German Marxist leader Franz Mehring pointed to the fact that race is a social-historical concept in his work On Historical Materialism, which we excerpt below.


Historical materialism sees historical development in the gradual progression from the domination of man by nature to the domination of nature by man.


This progress is one and the same as the progress of countless tribes of men, who developed out of the animal world to the one social community, which some day will encompass the whole of the human race. The course of history is not the "differentiation of the homoge­nous, but the assimilation of the hetero­geneous." That differentiation was the legendary conception, as it is found in the Biblical genealogical construction of Ham, Shem and Japhet, in Tacitus' German genealogy of the three brothers Ingaev, Istaev and Hermin, or the Slav Czech, Lech and Russ.
This assimila­tion, however, is a scientific conception derived as much from what daily takes place before our eyes, as it is from the investigations into the history of primi­tive man.


It is one of the insoluble contradic­tions in which mechanical materialism moves in the field of history, that it totally denies in the struggle for exis­tence in human society the principle of
evolution with which, in the realm of nature, it explains the peculiarities of a given species as the adaptation to their environment in the fight for existence, and claims that the human race here has certain permanent features which it has never had and never will have. In tor­tured additions to this indefensible con­ception, in the effort to make it com­patible with clearly contradictory facts, the concept of race has become so inde­terminate.... In fact already in the pre-historical primitive times, the crossing and mixture of different races and tribes had begun, and the first civilizations of antiquity are proved by the Russian researcher Mechnikov to have been the result of a very colourful mixture of dif­ferent races and tribes, of combinations in which the relative importance of the different combinations had never been remotely understood. Thus, for example, it is difficult to weigh which of the three races, the black, the white or the yellow did the most for the civilization of ancient Egypt.

The history of Chaldaea even shows that the black race, the so-called Kushites, were more advanced than any of the others in civilization. It advances us even less to take language instead of blood or colour as the sign of differentiation between races. In each of the main language groups, the Aryan, Semitic and Mongolian, there are peo­ple of the most varied origins, and if Herr Barth does have some reservations about the utterances of some "brilliant" statesman or other, to the effect that "race is everything" and yet claims that race is important, and tries to support this claim by insisting that the Aryan race is superior to the Semitic in its "political abilities," then we must say in this connection not only that race is unimportant, but that it counts for abso­lutely nothing.
And it is a little strange that Herr Barth refers to the words of some unnamed English statesman, while he will of course have read in the works of the world famous English phi­losopher, John Stuart Mill, about the assumption of racial differences: "Of all vulgar modes of escaping from the consideration of the effect of social and moral influences on the human mind the most vulgar is that of attributing the diversities of conduct and character to inherent natural differences" (Principles of Political Economy, Vol. 1, p. 390).


Historical materialism does not ne­glect race in any way: it is the first to make it a clear concept. There is no more an unchanging race of human beings than there is an unchanging race of animals, except that animals are sub­ject to the laws of development of nature, and the human race is subject to the laws of development of society.
The more human beings become independent of nature, the more the natural races mix and merge together; the more man's control over nature grows, the more com­pletely the natural races become trans­formed into social classes. And as far as the capitalist mode of production extends, the differences between the races have been dissolved or are dissolving more each day into the class opposites.
Within human society race is not a natural but a historic concept, which in the last analysis is determined by the material form of production, and is subordinate to the laws of its development, as Kautsky proved in the most convincing way in relation to concepts of nationality.

                                                                    


                                              Noam Chomsky 


January 21, 1993.
Interviu de David Barsamian a Noam Chomsky



D.B.:
It's a given that ideology and propaganda are phenomena of other cultures. They don't exist in the United States. Class is in the same category. You've called it the "unmentionable five-letter word. "


N.CH.:
It's kind of interesting the way it works. example, there was quite an interesting study done by Vicente Navarro, a professor at Johns Hopkins, who works on public health issues. There are lots of statistics about things like quality of life, infant mor­tality, life expectancy, etc., usually broken down by race. It always turns out that blacks have horrible statistics as compared with whites; there's a huge gap. He decided to reanalyze the statistics, separat­ing out the factors of race and class.

So, let's look at white workers and black workers versus white exec­utives and black executives. He discovered that a considerable part of the distinction between blacks and whites was actually a class difference. That's natural because there's a correlation between race and class- If you look at poor white people, white workers, and white executives, the gap between them is enormous. He did the study, obviously of rel­evance to epidemiology and public health. He sub­mitted it to the major American medical journals. They all rejected it. He then sent it to the world's leading medical journal. Lancet, in Britain. They accepted it right away.

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